Recently found How to Firewall Your WordPress Blog to be useful. From the website:

You already know to use a decent password for your blog, but brute-force or dictionary attacks aren’t the only attacks used against bloggers. It’s much cheaper and faster to exploit software flaws, and that the hackers do. A programmer’s oversight may allow a hacker to gain access to your blog to insert spyware, adware, or links to various pharmaceuticals you’d prefer not to speak about in front of your mother.

And it’s not just WordPress proper. WordPress has caught some major criticism for its security holes — but lately it’s been a bunch of insecure plugins, not WordPress itself. Matt Mullenweg counters the argument that WordPress is insecure over here. I think he’s totally right — WordPress has a rich “plugin ecosystem” that no other blogging platform can touch.

However, the problem remains. WordPress has some great plugins that are written by people with the best of intentions — but who may not understand the importance of sanitizing data provided by untrusted users, and its relationship with security. Upgrading often, setting permissions, using good passwords, etc. — that all helps a lot — but unless you have the time and ability to painstakingly audit all program code for security vulnerabilities, you’d be best off running one of the WordPress firewalls —

Great!  Yet something else that needs to be done!  But would be well worth tackling!

[How to Firewall Your WordPress Blog]

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This is part eight of our series on configuring a Slicehost slice.  We are finally at the last part of this series.  Here goes!

Step Eight – Install WordPress via Subversion

Install Subversion

Using Subversion is a much easier way to install Wordpress.  Install Subversion with this command:

sudo aptitude install subversion

Install WordPress

Move your working directory to the root of the directory that you want to install Wordpress in:

cd /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/public

Install the latest stable version of Wordpress:

svn co http://svn.automattic.com/wordpress/tags/2.7 .

We’re done.  Now you can connect to your website and walk through the standard Wordpress installation.

Conclusion

I hope that you found this to be a useful series.  I have put this entire series into a PDF document (along with a few extras) so that you can have a nice printed version available.

Basic Slicehost Slice Setup Series List:

  1. Part 1 - Updating Ubuntu
  2. Part 2 - Configure iptables
  3. Part 3 - Install and Configure OpenSSH
  4. Part 4 - Install nginx Web Server
  5. Part 5 - Installing MySQL
  6. Part 6 - Installing PHP5 with fastcgi
  7. Part 7 - Create the Virtual Host Website
  8. Part 8 - Install WordPress via Subversion

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This is part seven of our series on configuring a Slicehost slice.  Today is going to be another heavy day.

Step Seven – Create the Website

Create Directory Structure

mkdir -p /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/{public,private,log,backup}

where <username> is your username in the VPS and <domain.name> is the name of the domain that you are creating.

Create Default Index Page

In /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/public/, create an index.php file as a placeholder.  I generally create the standard phpinfo page:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Create the vhost File

Open /etc/nginx/sites-available/<domain.name> in a text editor as root:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/<domain.name>

where <domain.name> is the website that you are creating.

Add the following as the content, replacing <domain.name> and <username> accordingly:

server {

        listen   80;
        server_name <domain.name>;
    #rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.<domain.name> permanent;

        access_log /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/log/access.log;
        error_log /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/log/error.log;

        location / {

                root   /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/public/;
                index  index.php;
                # wordpress fancy rewrites
                        if (-f $request_filename) {
                            break;
                        }
                        if (-d $request_filename) {
                            break;
                        }
                        rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php?q=$1 last;

                }

        location ~ .*\.php[345]?$ {
                include /etc/nginx/fcgi.conf;
                fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:10005;
                fastcgi_index   index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/public$fastcgi_script_name;
                }

           }


server {

        listen   80;
        server_name www.<domain.name>;

        access_log /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/log/access.log;
        error_log /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/log/error.log;

        location / {

        root   /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/public/;
                index  index.php;
        # wordpress fancy rewrites
            if (-f $request_filename) {
                    break;
                }
                if (-d $request_filename) {
                    break;
                }
                rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php?q=$1 last;

                }

    location ~ .*\.php[345]?$ {
        include    /etc/nginx/fcgi.conf;
        fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:10005;
        fastcgi_index    index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /home/<username>/public_html/<domain.name>/public$fastcgi_script_name;
        }

            }

Enable the Website

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/<domain.name> /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/<domain.name>

Restart nginx

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

Part 8

Tomrrow is the final installment on this series. We are finally going to get Wordpress up and running.

Basic Slicehost Slice Setup Series List:

  1. Part 1 - Updating Ubuntu
  2. Part 2 - Configure iptables
  3. Part 3 - Install and Configure OpenSSH
  4. Part 4 - Install nginx Web Server
  5. Part 5 - Installing MySQL
  6. Part 6 - Installing PHP5 with fastcgi
  7. Part 7 - Create the Virtual Host Website
  8. Part 8 - Install WordPress via Subversion

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This is part six of our series on configuring a Slicehost slice. Today, we get into the meat of things. Put on your propeller hat because things get pretty geeky!

Step Six – Install PHP5 with fastcgi

Install PHP5

sudo aptitude -y install php5-common php5-cgi php5-mysql php5-cli php5-gd

Create /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi

sudo nano /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi

and add this for its content:

#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: php-fastcgi
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start and stop php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode
# Description: Start and stop php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode
### END INIT INFO

# Do NOT "set -e"

PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode"
NAME=php-fastcgi
DAEMON=/usr/bin/php-cgi
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
PHP_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/php5/cgi/php.ini

# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME

# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh

# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

# If the daemon is not enabled, give the user a warning and then exit,
# unless we are stopping the daemon
if [ "$START" != "yes" -a "$1" != "stop" ]; then
log_warning_msg "To enable $NAME, edit /etc/default/$NAME and set START=yes"
exit 0
fi

# Process configuration
export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
DAEMON_ARGS="-q -b $FCGI_HOST:$FCGI_PORT -c $PHP_CONFIG_FILE"

do_start()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON \
--background --make-pidfile --chuid $EXEC_AS_USER --startas $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_ARGS \
|| return 2
}

do_stop()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE > /dev/null # --name $DAEMON
RETVAL="$?"
[ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
# Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
# and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
# If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
# that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
# needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to
# sleep for some time.
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON
[ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
# Many daemons don’t delete their pidfiles when they exit.
rm -f $PIDFILE
return "$RETVAL"
}
case "$1" in
start)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
restart|force-reload)
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1)
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac

Make /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi executable:

sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi

Create /etc/default/php-fastcgi

sudo nano /etc/default/php-fastcgi

and add this for its content:

START=yes

# Which user runs PHP? (default: www-data)

EXEC_AS_USER=www-data

# Host and TCP port for FASTCGI-Listener (default: localhost:9000)

FCGI_HOST=localhost
FCGI_PORT=10005

# Environment variables, which are processed by PHP

PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=4
PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000

Create /etc/nginx/fcgi.conf

sudo nano /etc/nginx/fcgi.conf

and add this for its content:

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

Edit /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini to allow for each script to use up to 32 MB of RAM.

sudo nano /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini

Look for memory_limit = 16M and change is to 32M. Save the file.

Start the process:

sudo /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi start

Configure the process to start on reboot:

sudo update-rc.d php-fastcgi defaults

Restart nginx.

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

We are now done for the day (Finally!)

Part 7

Tomorrow, we are going to create the virtual host website so that we actually have somewhere to put the site.

Basic Slicehost Slice Setup Series List:

  1. Part 1 - Updating Ubuntu
  2. Part 2 - Configure iptables
  3. Part 3 - Install and Configure OpenSSH
  4. Part 4 - Install nginx Web Server
  5. Part 5 - Installing MySQL
  6. Part 6 - Installing PHP5 with fastcgi
  7. Part 7 - Create the Virtual Host Website
  8. Part 8 - Install WordPress via Subversion

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This is part five of our series on configuring a Slicehost slice.  Another quick post today.

Step Five – Installing MySQL

sudo aptitude -y install mysql-server mysql-client libmysqlclient15-dev libmysql-ruby1.8

To not use innodb

sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Then remove comment # from the skip-innodb line. Save the file.

That’s it!

Part 6

Tomorrow, we are going to get PHP with fastcgi up and running.

Basic Slicehost Slice Setup Series List:

  1. Part 1 - Updating Ubuntu
  2. Part 2 - Configure iptables
  3. Part 3 - Install and Configure OpenSSH
  4. Part 4 - Install nginx Web Server
  5. Part 5 - Installing MySQL
  6. Part 6 - Installing PHP5 with fastcgi
  7. Part 7 - Create the Virtual Host Website
  8. Part 8 - Install WordPress via Subversion

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